Invasive Cardiology Practice Test

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• The Spectranetics Excimer Laser is indicated for which lesions?
• What is the minimum recommended duration to hold manual pressure after a sheath pull?
• Catheters are made from various materials. Which material is described as having good memory, being stiff, and most likely to cause tissue trauma?
• Which of the following is a name of an IVC filter described as not often used?
• Which closure device is manufactured by Abbott Vascular?
• Which arteries are measured bilaterally when performing an ABI?
• What is a pericardial window/pericardiotomy?
• Which view is most associated with showing the right coronary artery from mid to distal segments?
• During endomyocardial biopsy, the bioptome is advanced into which chamber after crossing which valve?
• A patient with an LVAD shows elevated JVP, peripheral edema, and hepatic congestion, with preserved left-ventricular function. Which complication is likely?
• An LVAD indication includes an ejection fraction below what threshold?
• Which features define a low-risk bifurcation lesion?
• Which size sheath is purple?
• Cardiac tamponade is best defined as what?
• A LVAD patient experiences abdominal and leg edema with signs of venous congestion. Which complication?
• Which vessel layer is the innermost, containing endothelial cells and connective tissue?
• Pericardial effusion is best described as what?
• Cypher stents elute which drug?
• Which finding is a contraindication to valvuloplasty?
• What is the preferred treatment for an acute aortic dissection?
• Which device is surgically implanted and can serve as a long-term support option?
• What is a protected LM?
• Distal protection devices are used for which procedure?
• What best describes peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
• In the LAO caudal/spider view, which feature is commonly evaluated?
• What is the diameter in millimeters of a 4F sheath?
• In the 3-7-10 pressure protocol, which duration corresponds to nearly occlusive pressure?
• Where should an intra-aortic balloon pump be positioned relative to the left subclavian artery and renal arteries?
• How many millimeters are in 1 inch?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation range for the Right Ventricle (RV)?
• Which TIMI grade corresponds to no perfusion?
• After removing the anchor wire in the Szabo technique, what is the next step?
• What is a TR band used for?
• During the application of a TR band, what is the second step?
• Which condition is a contraindication to using the CSI Diamondback 360 device?
• Which material is described as having poor memory, reduced thrombogenesis, and being easy on tissue insertion?
• Which catheter is typically used for pulmonary arteriography?
• Which view is most associated with visualizing the origin of obtuse marginal branches?
• The distal lumen port is described by which feature on a Swan-Ganz catheter?
• Abciximab must be filtered during preparation.
• What is a major benefit of an internal mammary graft?
• Approximately how much contrast is typically used for a DSA procedure described in run-off setups?
• What is the definition of an aortic dissection?
• Which type of equipment is considered an electromagnetic interference source for pacemakers?
• Endeavor stents elute which drug?
• An ABI value greater than 1.30 indicates what finding?
• Endomyocardial biopsy may be indicated for which intracardiac tumor?
• What is the primary purpose of digital subtraction angiography during peripheral interventions?
• Which technique is sometimes used to optimize side branch flow in bifurcation lesions?
• Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?
• Which technique is used in Carotid or Vertebral Angiography?
• What are contraindications for rotablator use?
• What is an indication for pulmonary arteriography?
• Which of the following is a symptom of a retroperitoneal bleed after arterial access?
• What is a key feature of a fixed core guidewire?
• Which of the following are required components for the Rotablator?
• Which statement best describes the EV3-Foxhollow Silverhawk system?
• A patient with LVAD reports pervasive sadness and low motivation for weeks after surgery. Which complication?
• Which medical pioneer is credited with creating the brachial artery cutdown technique in 1959?
• Which condition is listed as an LVAD indication?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation of the Right Atrium?
• What is a disadvantage of a saphenous vein graft?
• Which view best demonstrates the LAD-Cfx bifurcation?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for restenosis?
• Which pairing is correctly matched for color, size, and diameter?
• What does crossability refer to in catheter performance?
• Which of the following is a potential complication of cardiac catheterization?
• Which closure device uses a non-absorbable suture and has a risk of internal vessel damage from the device foot?
• What is the therapeutic INR range listed for Warfarin in the material?
• Which are the minimally invasive ventricular assist devices?
• What percentage of adverse reactions to contrast occur within the first five minutes?
• During pericardiocentesis, what length of needle is typically used?
• Which class of drug does eptifibatide belong to?
• Which statement is true about minimally invasive VADs?
• Which non-invasive diagnostic test is commonly used to diagnose peripheral vascular disease?
• What is the treatment for a hematoma?
• TIMI grade 3 perfusion is defined as which?
• Which elements commonly constitute positive contrast media?
• Retrograde femoral cannulation is performed in which direction relative to arterial flow?
• Which condition is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• IABP can be used to provide support during which procedures?
• Which of the following is an indication for using the CSI Diamondback 360 device?
• Who performed the first human heart catheterization in 1929 and reportedly used a Foley catheter?
• What is the initial step in performing a valvuloplasty with an Inoue balloon?
• Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is best described as which of the following?
• Which imaging-guided technique is used to guide treatment of a pseudoaneurysm?
• In the oximetric Allen's test, which result indicates no access to the radial artery?
• When was the first pacemaker created?
• Which device is commonly used as a bridge to transplant?
• Debakey I (Stanford A) dissection is defined as a tear in the ascending aorta that propagates into the arch. Why is it considered the worst type?
• Which of the following is a presentation of PVD affecting the kidneys?
• What is the sylvian triangle?
• Which condition is an indication for CABG?
• Which of the following is an adverse event associated with AngioJet?
• Changes in the level of the top line on the pressure waveform during LV pullback could indicate which conditions?
• Which statement is true about LV and Aorta pressures?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• Which device developer is associated with molding pre-shaped catheters and contributed to catheter technology around 1960?
• An iatrogenic AV fistula is best described as a communication between which vessels?
• Profile refers to which aspect of a balloon catheter?
• Which closure device uses absorbable thrombin glue to seal the arteriotomy and tissue track?
• Which test is commonly used non-invasively to diagnose PVD?
• The Left Atrium is associated with which normal pressure range?
• Retrograde cannulation is performed at which location?
• Which closure device uses a non-absorbable nitinol clip to seal the arteriotomy?
• Which type of stent expands on its own when deployed in the vessel?
• Which measure is recommended to reduce the incidence of contrast-induced renal failure in patients with renal insufficiency?
• What precaution is noted regarding Rotaglide when using the Rotablator?
• How many leads are used in a dual-chamber/bipolar pacemaker?
• Which medication reverses the anticoagulant effect of heparin?
• What is the diameter in millimeters of a 7F sheath?
• When exchanging catheters over the guidewire, how should the catheter length relate to the guidewire length?
• What is an ostial lesion?
• Which statement best describes the outermost layer composition?
• What is the normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) range?
• In what year did the brachial artery cutdown technique become prominent?
• Which medication is commonly used as part of vasovagal management?
• A single-chamber/unipolar pacemaker paces which chamber(s)?
• Which of the following best describes the symptom profile of a vasovagal response?
• Which item connects the inflation system to the catheter lumen to transfer fluids during PCI?
• Which restenosis rate is typical for drug-eluting stents?
• Which sheath size is represented by the color gray?
• ACIST Contrast Delivery System has which of the following capabilities?
• Which of the following is an indication for a ventricular assist device?
• What is the gold standard for a left main intervention?
• What is a treatment option for an iatrogenic AV fistula?
• Self-expanding stents are typically placed in which environments?
• What is the primary purpose of the LV pullback?
• Debakey III (Stanford B) dissection involves a tear in which part of the aorta?
• Which catheter material is described as having most catheters, good memory, soft and flexible, and good torque?
• Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?
• Which item is not typically listed as equipment for a DSA femoral run-off?
• What does 'jailed' refer to in the context of coronary stenting?
• Contrast management systems primarily aim to reduce what risk?
• Which region does the internal carotid artery primarily supply?
• Negative contrast media is associated with which imaging color?
• What is the Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) most commonly described as?
• Pericardiocentesis is best described as which procedure?
• What is the therapeutic ACT range for heparin during PCI?
• Which statement best describes heparin's mechanism?
• What is the normal pressure in the Aorta?
• PVD in the renal arteries is known as what?
• Which test must be performed to determine if radial access is feasible?
• Which figure is known as the 'Father of Intervention' and described in 1964 methods using stiff dilators to gradually enlarge diseased peripheral vessels?
• In Carotid or Vertebral Angiography, which type of contrast is commonly used?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• Which of the following can cause a retroperitoneal bleed after femoral access?
• Which agents contain no iodine according to the material?
• Which vessel layer is the middle layer composed of smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers and connective tissues?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a non-invasive treatment for peripheral vascular disease?
• Which closure device relies on extravascular collagen to seal the arteriotomy?
• Which conditions are indications for the EV3 Foxhollow Silverhawk device?
• What is the normal pressure in the Pulmonary Artery (PA)?
• Which catheter size is listed as an equipment option for bifurcation lesions?
• What is the purpose of the power injector pressure limit setting?
• How is LV pullback performed?
• What is a primary purpose of performing a venogram when an IVC filter is planned?
• In the RAO caudal view, which vessels are most clearly seen?
• In 1953, which surgeon described a method for gaining arterial access using a double-wall needle and stylet?
• What should you think about first with highly calcified lesions?
• Which statement about non-compliant balloons is true?
• Which finding suggests diminished arterial perfusion in the extremities?
• Which item is explicitly listed as a pacemaker precaution?
• CO2-based contrast is not typically used in coronary angiography because it is what?
• Which of the following is a potential embolic complication of IABP?
• The first coronary angioplasty was performed by which inventor in 1977?
• Passive lead fixation involves which mechanism?
• In peripheral intervention, which wire sizes are used for access and for intervention, respectively?
• How many days does Warfarin typically take to reach the therapeutic level mentioned in the material?
• Transfemoral venous cannulation involves which technique?
• Which statement differentiates compliant balloons from non-compliant balloons?
• What millimeter size corresponds to an 8F sheath?
• Debakey II (Stanford A) dissection is characterized by a tear confined to which region?
• Which size threshold is associated with considering surgical intervention for a hematoma?
• What is restenosis?
• What describes the rotablator's tip?
• Which statement best describes a non-compliant balloon used in angioplasty?
• What is a potential risk of passive lead fixation?
• Which medication is listed as a pretreatment drug for known allergies prior to a procedure?
• Which chamber has the lowest normal pressure among those listed?
• What design feature does the Simpson Atherocath have at its distal end?
• Which item is used to inflate the intra-aortic balloon pump during therapy?
• Which two chambers share the normal pressure range of 20-30 mmHg?
• Which strategy is most associated with reducing restenosis rates after stent placement?
• Which of the following best describes the full management steps for a vasovagal response?
• A patient after LVAD shows progressive dyspnea on exertion with signs of right-sided congestion. Which complication?
• Which condition within the following would be a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• How long should balloon inflation last during coronary stenting?
• What is the normal pressure in the Right Atrium (RA)?
• Osprey DyeVert Plus has what clinically proven effect on contrast dosage?
• A LVAD recipient develops new-onset focal neurologic signs consistent with cerebrovascular event. Which complication?
• What does the power injector delay setting represent?
• Taxus stents elute which drug?
• During a DSA run-off, what does the computer do to enhance arterial visualization?
• Which statement correctly describes the Injectate Lumen Port?
• Which abbreviation stands for plain old balloon angioplasty?
• What safety requirement is specified for staff when using the Spectranetics Excimer Laser?
• Which tests are used to monitor Coumadin/Warfarin therapy?
• In the Szabo technique, what is the purpose of anchoring the wire under the strut of an uninflated balloon?
• Which view is used to visualize the right coronary artery from proximal to mid segments?
• Which technique, introduced in 1953, is named after its developer and involves arterial access via needle puncture followed by guidewire placement?
• What is the normal international normalized ratio (INR) range?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for PVD?
• What is the restenosis rate associated with a bare metal stent?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for Rotablator use?
• Which device unloads the left ventricle and delivers flow to the aorta near the coronary ostia?
• What is the capped port on a Swan-Ganz catheter used for?
• Which of the following is a non-invasive measure used in PVD limb care?
• Which statement describes a hydrophilic coating on guide wires?
• Pushability describes which property?
• Which contraindication is associated with IABP?
• Which vessel layer maintains hemostasis?
• How is the ABI calculated?
• In the described clotting process, what step occurs immediately after the vessel wall contracts?
• A patient with LVAD complains of swelling in the legs and abdomen with limited physical activity tolerance. Which complication?
• In the clotting description, which entity catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?
• What pressure is generated by AngioJet jets?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for an Intra Aortic Balloon Pump?
• Which type of stent expands by balloon inflation?
• What is the double wire, safety wire, or buddy wire technique used for?
• Which sheath size is represented by the color red?
• Which closure device uses a non-absorbable nitinol clip to mechanically seal the arteriotomy?
• Which of the following is an indication for an IVC filter?
• Which features define a high-risk bifurcation lesion?
• HITT stands for which condition?
• Which describes the Szabo technique?
• Which of the following is an indication for endomyocardial biopsy?
• Which of the following is an indication for Intra Aortic Balloon Pump?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation of the Left Ventricle?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of a hematoma after arterial access?
• Simpson Atherocath is which type of atherectomy device?
• True or false: Antegrade cannulation is performed with the flow of arterial blood.
• Which statement is an indication for stent placement?
• Which view helps identify the origin of diagonal branches (diags) from the left coronary circulation?
• An over-the-wire balloon technique requires which feature?
• What is the rotational speed of the blade in the Simpson atherectomy catheter?
• What is the normal range for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?
• In which lesion scenarios does the Spectranetics Excimer Laser work best?
• Self-expanding stents are designed for deployment using which mechanism?
• A rapid exchange (monorail) balloon is designed to be operated by how many people?
• What are the two types of ventricular assist devices?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• Which structure has a normal pressure of 90-140 mmHg and is part of systemic circulation?
• Approximately how far below the lowest renal vein is a typical IVC filter placement?
• What is coronary brachytherapy?
• Ionic contrast media are characterized by what osmolarity and usage in cath labs?
• Which statement describes a treatment goal when using the EV3 Foxhollow Silverhawk?
• What are equipment options for bifurcation lesions?
• Which vessel layer is typically the site of most vascular pathology?
• When was the first defibrillator implanted?
• What is the typical IV atropine dose for vasovagal management?
• Which sequence describes the Modified Allen's Test procedure?
• What is an Aorto-ostial lesion?
• Which physical sign is classically associated with cardiac tamponade?
• If pericardial fluid is found to be blood, what is this most likely indicating?
• Which test requires a pulse oximeter with waveform visualization?
• In the left anterior oblique (LAO) view, which vessel is primarily visualized?
• Aspirin (ASA) is classified as which of the following?
• Which view is used to visualize the right coronary artery from mid to distal segments?
• The TIMI grade that indicates minimal perfusion corresponds to which number?
• In the management of a pseudoaneurysm, thrombin may be injected under guidance to promote thrombosis.
• In the LAO cranial view, which region of the coronary arteries is typically assessed?
• Gunther-Tulip is a type of what device?
• What is the primary purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter?
• In pacemaker terminology, what does sensing intrinsic beat mean?
• What is the carotid siphon?
• Evaluation of LVAD shows pump alarms and abnormal flow indicating mechanical malfunction. Which complication is this?
• During peripheral intervention, which anticoagulation is typically used, and which class is not employed?
• Which device is surgically implanted and not permanent but can be long term?
• Which statement best differentiates a guide catheter from a diagnostic catheter?
• Cutting balloons are ideal for which lesion type?
• Which factor is NOT listed as potentially affecting the duration of manual pressure after sheath removal?
• Which of the following is a complication associated with an Intra Aortic Balloon Pump?
• After LVAD implantation, a patient presents with sudden onset of slurred speech and unilateral weakness. Which complication is most likely?
• Which French size is used for the Swan-Ganz catheter?
• Which layer secures the vessel to surrounding body tissue?
• How is the Rotablator best described?
• Which component helps control bleeding at the access site during PCI?
• Which of the following has been used as a treatment for restenosis?
• Endomyocardial biopsy can be indicated to determine which inflammatory condition?
• Which IVC filter is described as 'looks like the wires of an umbrella while still folded'?
• Which sequence correctly describes locating the optimum femoral artery puncture site?
• Which are indications for rotablator use?
• Which two broad categories of contrast media are discussed in the material?
• Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is described as which type of anticoagulant with outpatient therapy potential?
• A patient with LVAD reports chronic low mood, sleep disturbance, and reduced interest in activities. Which complication?
• What is the approximate restenosis rate after balloon angioplasty performed without stent implantation?
• Which are contraindications for the Spectranetics Excimer Laser?
• What is the surgical ventricular assist device option?
• Which IVC filter is described as looking like a star from above and a bird cage from the side?
• CSI Diamondback 360 operates with a crown speed of approximately how many rpm?
• What is the recommended pace for cutting balloon inflation to nominal pressure?
• Can you use the Spectranetics Excimer Laser if the artery has contrast in it?
• During creation of a pericardial window, the pericardial sac is dilated to what size?
• Which structures does the external carotid artery supply?
• What positioning technique is described for Carotid or Vertebral Angiography?
• Which statements describe an Intra Aortic Balloon Pump?
• Balloon expandable stents are premounted on a balloon and require what action to deploy?
• What is the restenosis rate associated with POBA?
• Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?
• Which balloon type is described as ideal for unstable highly calcified lesions?
• Which of the following findings is most indicative of a retroperitoneal bleed?
• What does the Impella intra-aortic cardiac assist device do?
• Which test is not typically used to monitor warfarin therapy?
• Where is an IVC filter typically placed relative to the renal veins?
• Which ABI range is typically interpreted as mild to moderate peripheral arterial disease?
• Which type of stent releases medication to prevent neointimal hyperplasia?
• Which size sheath is blue?
• What is a claimed unique capability of the Spectranetics Excimer Laser?
• Which inflation approach is recommended for a cutting balloon?
• A patient with LVAD presents with facial droop and slurred speech; neurologic deficits suggest a cerebrovascular event. Which complication?
• Which closure device uses an extravascular collagen plug with a polymer anchor intravascular to seal the arteriotomy?
• Which of the following is an indication for endomyocardial biopsy?
• What is the blue port on a Swan-Ganz catheter used for?
• What is described as the final stage of the clotting process?
• What ECG change is expected when the pericardial needle contacts the heart during pericardiocentesis?
• Who designed the molded straight catheters in 1960 by boiling water?
• Oversizing a balloon during angioplasty is associated with which risk?
• What is the primary function of an IVC filter?
• In the RAO cranial view, which portion of the left coronary system is best viewed?
• Which device is used to apply torque to the guide catheter to aid steering during PCI?
• Which abbreviation stands for percutaneous coronary intervention?
• What is the initial treatment for a retroperitoneal bleed during invasive procedures?
• Negative contrast media are typically associated with what atomic weight?
• The anode (+) part of a pacemaker lead is defined as:
• Non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agents have fewer adverse reactions due to which characteristic?
• After LVAD implantation, the patient shows signs of anhedonia and lack of energy impacting daily life. Which complication?
• Which of the following is a symptom of aortic dissection?
• What is the diameter in millimeters of a 5F sheath?
• Abciximab (ReoPro) is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor that does what?
• The cathode (-) part of a pacemaker lead is defined as:
• Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?
• Endomyocardial biopsy can be indicated for which cardiomyopathy?
• Why is Debakey I (Stanford A) dissection considered the most dangerous type?
• Which sequence correctly describes a DSA run-off procedure?
• Bivalirudin is best described as which agent?
• Where is the SVG to the RCA typically located?
• Xience stents elute which drug?
• Which statement is true about LVAD indications as described in the material?
• Which components are found in the tunica media?
• Which step is part of performing an ABI exam?
• What is a key intra-procedural issue to monitor when using the Rotablator?
• Which view best displays the LAD and Cfx together?
• Which sheath size is represented by the color green?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a contraindication for LVAD?
• What is the normal prothrombin time (PT) in seconds?
• What delivery systems are used for peripheral intervention?
• Which of the following are symptoms commonly seen with pericardial effusion?
• In the clotting description, the clot will grow until it reaches which of the following?
• The LVAD option is categorized as which type of VAD?
• Which medication is NOT listed as part of the spasm-reducing cocktail for radial artery access?
• TIMI grade 2 perfusion is defined as which?
• What lubricant is used with the CSI Diamondback 360 device?
• What is the restenosis rate associated with drug-eluting stents?
• Which size sheath is black?
• Which factor is most directly implicated in determining the length of manual pressure after sheath removal?
• What does the Thermistor Lumen Port connect to?
• RPB stands for which concept in balloon testing?
• The Spectranetics Excimer Laser can be used in which of the following?
• The left main intervention is described as what in terms of risk?
• How many biopsy samples are typically taken during an endomyocardial biopsy?
• What is the recommended rise/fall setting range on a power injector to reduce catheter whip?
• Xience stents are manufactured by which company?
• Which closure device employs a collagen plug extravascular and a polymer anchor intravascular with a self-tightening suture that sandwiches the vessel?
• Which of the following is a potential complication of cardiac catheterization?
• Which option is NOT listed as a treatment for PVD/PAD?
• What does the power injector flow rate setting specify?
• Which view best visualizes the RCA from proximal to mid segments?
• Endomyocardial biopsy access routes include which vessels?
• Which description correctly identifies the layer that anchors the vessel to surrounding tissues?
• What is a contraindication for IVC filter placement?
• restenosis after angioplasty is primarily due to which processes?
• What is the main purpose of covered self-expanding stents?
• Balloon Expandable stents are described as being which of the following?
• Which sheath size is represented by the color orange?
• TIMI grade 1 perfusion is defined as which?
• What is the normal Cardiac Output?
• Nominal balloon size refers to which aspect?
• Antegrade femoral cannulation is performed with the flow of arterial blood and at what location?
• Which of the following is a potential complication of cardiac catheterization?
• Which of the following is an indication for a pacemaker?
• How does AngioJet aspirate clot?
• In the Szabo technique, the stent is deployed at which ATM?
• Who performed the first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by customizing a balloon in 1977?
• After the carotid siphon, which arteries arise from the internal carotid?
• When a hematoma occurs after arterial access, which action is recommended?
• Which device is used to inflate the balloon to the desired pressure during PCI?
• In a dual-chamber pacemaker, what is the purpose of having two leads?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for restenosis?
• Which of the following is an indication for using an Impella?
• Which statement best describes methods to obtain hemostasis after arterial access closure?
• Compared with POBA, restenosis with bare metal stents is generally:
• Which of the following is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation of the Aorta?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation range for the Pulmonary Artery (PA)?
• A LVAD patient experiences sudden device alarm with loss of continuous flow; device replacement is needed. Which complication?
• Which condition is listed as an indication for a pacemaker?
• Undersizing in balloon angioplasty leads to which consequence?
• Which item is primarily used to navigate vessels and deliver devices during PCI?
• Which component is used to distribute inflation media to multiple lines during PCI?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation value associated with the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure (PCWP) region?
• What is the recommended approach for treating a bifurcation lesion?
• Which anticoagulant can be used as an alternative to heparin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?
• A patient with LVAD reports persistent sadness, anhedonia, and fatigue. Which complication is most consistent?
• What are the different types of atherectomy devices?
• What is a key drawback of the EV3-Foxhollow Silverhawk plaque excision device?
• Which statement correctly describes compliant balloons?
• The TIMI grade that indicates complete perfusion corresponds to which number?
• Which abbreviation stands for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty?
• Pericardial window is generally performed for recurrent pericardial effusions, often from malignant tumors. Which best describes this indication?
• Fibromuscular dysplasia may show a 'string of pearls' appearance in which arteries?
• What is the normal pressure in the Right Ventricle (RV)?
• How much longer should the guidewire be compared with the catheter?
• TIMI grade 0 perfusion is defined as which?
• Which laboratory value is commonly used to assess coagulation status before sheath pull?
• Antegrade femoral cannulation involves placing the cannula at which location and orientation?
• What solution volume is used as the flush for the IABP catheter system?
• Which of the following is a key feature of non-compliant balloons?
• Platelets return to normal function how many hours after stopping eptifibatide?
• In the sequence of hemostasis following arterial injury, which order correctly lists the major steps from first to last?
• What is the main purpose of a Ventricular Assist Device?
• Pulmonary arteriography is primarily indicated for evaluating which condition?
• What is a risk with ostial lesions?
• What is the normal pressure in the Left Ventricle (LV)?
• Which company manufactures the Taxus stent?
• What size threshold for surgical repair is typically considered for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
• Coatings on guide wires can include which option to reduce clot risk?
• Endomyocardial biopsy samples are taken from which heart chamber?
• Which vessel layer is the outermost layer?
• "Test, puff, squirt, show-me" is best described as what?
• Which physician is linked to advancing coronary interventions during the 1960s and 1970s?
• Kissing balloons are used to prevent jailing of which vessel territory during bifurcation stenting?
• The yellow line on a Swan-Ganz catheter corresponds to which port?
• Removable IVC filters are most likely to be used in which scenario?
• What is the most common anatomical approach for performing pericardiocentesis?
• What is the primary purpose of using a rise/fall setting on the injector?
• What is the normal pressure in the PCWP/Left Atrium (LA)?
• Manual embolectomy is generally performed in association with which techniques?
• What is a key feature of a movable core guidewire?
• What describes a compliant balloon?
• During preparation, what should be done to check the balloon for leaks?
• Where is the saphenous vein graft to the circumflex or obtuse marginal arteries typically located?
• Which of the following is a potential treatment option for an AV fistula aside from compression or surgical repair?
• How long can an Impella typically remain in place?
• In LVAD failure, the pump stops working and the device fails, potentially fatal. Which complication?
• Who discovered X-rays in 1895, reportedly by using his wife's hand?
• What is the maximum sheath size you can use for radial artery access?
• Which lesion type is commonly targeted with cutting balloons due to its short length suitability?
• Which statement correctly describes preparation for a DSA run-off procedure?
• What is the maximum recommended inflation volume for the Swan-Ganz balloon?
• Non-iodine contrast agents contain iodine in some amount. Is this statement true or false?
• Which tests are used to monitor heparin therapy?
• The AngioJet uses which principle to aid thrombus removal?
• Which port on a Swan-Ganz catheter is the balloon port?
• Which of the following outcomes would indicate successful pericardiocentesis?
• How many arterial access points are listed as common arterial access points in the material?
• Which statement about Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is true?
• Endomyocardial biopsy samples are placed in which fixative before laboratory analysis?
• Which stent is associated with Sirolimus elution?
• What are IVC filters?
• Positive contrast media are typically colored what on imaging?
• What is the initial management step for a hematoma after arterial access?
• What is a non-surgical treatment option for a pseudoaneurysm?
• What syringe size is used for gentle steady manual suction during transfemoral venous cannulation?
• Active lead fixation involves which mechanism?
• Endomyocardial biopsy samples are typically how large?
• What is the normal oxygen saturation of the Left Atrium?
• What can cause a pericardial effusion according to the provided material?
• Where is the SVG to the LAD or diagonal branches typically located relative to other grafts?
• A patient with LVAD develops sudden confusion, weakness, and trouble speaking. Which complication is most probable?
• Which condition is also considered an indication for CABG?
• Which device is inflated across the pericardial sac during pericardial window creation?
• What color is pericardial fluid typically described as?
• What is something to consider with ostial lesions?
• In addition to calcified lesions unresponsive to POBA, rotablator is indicated for which lesion type?
• What is 1F in inches?
• What is the diameter in millimeters of a 6F sheath?
• Which of the following is a potential complication of cardiac catheterization?
• Which is NOT a main function of a pacemaker?
• How should a cutting balloon be deflated?